Lord Alfred Tennyson + Break Break Break Essays

Ruler Alfred Tennyson + Break Essays Ruler Alfred Tennyson + Break Paper Ruler Alfred Tennyson + Break Paper Alfred Tennyson was conceived on August the sixth 1809, in Somersby, Lincolnshire. Alfred was the forward out of twelve offspring of George and Elizabeth Tennyson. Alfred’s father, George Clayton Tennyson experienced sadness and was absentminded. In the late twenties Alfred’s father’s physical and state of mind compounded as he got neurotic, oppressive and savage. Tennyson got away from the upset air of home when he followed his two siblings to Trinity College in 1827. He joined the artistic club ‘The Apostles’ and met Arthur Hallam. Alfred Tennyson turned out to be excellent companions with Arthur Henry Hallam. Arthur Hallam and Alfred Tennyson were companions for a long time; their cozy relationship had an effect and impact on Tennyson’s verse. Hallam later on drug Emily Tennyson and the two companions anticipated a deep rooted friendship. Hallam’s demise from disease in 1833 stunned Tennyson significantly. Tennyson composed numerous sonnets about his misery and most profound sentiments of his dear lost companion. Tennyson experienced extraordinary foolishness. He had impressive trouble composing and perusing. Tennyson made much out of his verse in his mind, once in a while chipping away at singular sonnets for a long time. Extensive like the greater part of his family, Alfred Lord Tennyson passed on October 6, 1892, at 83 years old. The two sonnets that I will discuss today will be Break, Break, Break and Ulysses. â€Å"Break, Break, Break† is a melodious sonnet which fixates on Tennyson’s anguish over the passing of his dearest companion Arthur Hallam. All through the sonnet Tennyson laments for his loss of his companion. Nature doesn't stop to grieve for the loss of anybody. Cold and unchangeable, it proceeds with its tireless cycle. The floods of the sea breaking against the stones along the beach failing to pause in any event, for a second. Such a significant effect towards Tennyson’s world, he would expect everything that the world would end in a sort of way. Be that as it may, the world despite everything continues; as the fisherman’s kid is cheerfully playing with his sister; the mariner is happily singing and the boat is hectically utilizing the waters of trade. â€Å"Oh for the dash of an evaporated hand, And the sound of a voice that is still† lets us know of Tennyson longing to contact the hand of his companion Arthur Hallam again and to hear the sound of his voice. Tennyson has consolidated numerous subjects into Break, Break, Break. The primary topic is deprivation, sorrow and void. Tennyson discusses how the sun rises, youngsters chuckling and the world proceeding as though nothing has occurred, going on of course. While Tennyson is at his breaking point of distress feeling deprived of his dearest companion. How could the world be so merciless? Another topic passed on in the sonnet would be the apathy of nature. Nature proceeds with its capacities and cycles paying little mind to what is befalling people. Tennyson laments over his closest companion and the world is as yet cold and uninterested not minding in at any rate. usp. nus. edu. sg/victorian/creators/tennyson/kincaid/ch3a. html

Campus Security Management

Grounds Security Management Grounds Security is generally characterized as one of the most inescapable issues that a grounds or college must address. There is once in a while has a grounds issue, issue, or challenge that requires the enlistment of everybody in the college to illuminate. Security Management is about insurance of a structure and different resources of the structure. Security the executives is incorporates a field of the board identified with resource the executives, physical security and human asset wellbeing capacities. It involves the ID of an associations data resources and the turn of events, documentation and execution of arrangements, norms, strategies and rules. Security is a fundamental issue for each association for example government, private, business or instructive organization. Along these lines, college security work force, for example, grounds security officials and grounds security watch need to have a solid comprehension of grounds security. There are numerous significant obligations are being brought out in running a college. One of the most significant is appropriate security the board. Grounds security is vital so as to protect workers and their effects. All understudies and college network individuals are urged to be completely mindful of the security issues nearby and to make a move to forestall and to report unlawful and improper exercises. Individual mindfulness and applying individual security rehearses are the establishment of a sheltered network. According to the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act, college screens crime and distributes the security report, keeping up a three-year factual history on the grounds, on the aide grounds, and at off-grounds offices utilized. College likewise disperses data about the report to understudies and representatives. A duplicate of this report is additionally accessible to imminent understudies and representatives upon demand. Different arrangements and methodology identifying with grounds security are required and it explicitly maintains all authority to adjust or receive extra strategies or techniques whenever without notice. Such changes may show up in progressive issues of the security report. (Holy person Paul College, 2009). Articulation of Research Problems: For colleges, it is constantly a test in adjusting the longing to invite people in general to grounds occasions with the need to secure the wellbeing of the college network. It is presented to physical dangers and vulnerabilities just as the vandalism in light of the fact that there are numerous individuals go in and out to the grounds incorporate the understudies who remain off-grounds. College people group, for example, understudies and staff just as laborers who work in the grounds territory consistently feel unbound or hazardous when the security framework can't reach to the degree of insurance. Unbound condition will influence the understudies scholastics. Notwithstanding, as per the measurements, the individuals demeanor consistently bodes well that it will never occur here. In this manner, because of the absence of mindfulness on the security among the understudies, staffs and guests of the college, this exploration study is to improve understanding on the security the executives and to know how significant are the security the executives. Other than that, this examination will distinguish the understudies fulfillment toward security the board of University of Malaya. Goals of the Study: To decide the present security framework in University of Malaya (UM). To recognize the degree of fulfillment among understudies towards current security framework in UM. To finish up and make fitting proposals to enhance the present security framework. Foundation of the Study: The security is constantly an issues worried by network. In the grounds, even there is a security framework, numerous understudies may in any case not fulfill with the present security framework in the colleges in light of the fact that numerous robbery cases despite everything occur, make misfortune on the understudies and staffs. Along these lines, a great and productive security the executives of a college is significant so that to guarantee all viewpoints and resources of the structure are remained careful and guarded from risk or injury or misfortune. Security covers all the gadgets, advancements and authority materials for edge, outside and inside assurance. This spreads everything from sensors and shut circuit TV to hindrances, lighting and access controls. Importance of the Study: This investigation will show a review of Security Management framework to those security executives and other security work force just as the staff and understudies about ensuring grounds resources. Through this examination, individuals will more comprehend the present security framework in University of Malaya and along these lines the heads and security faculty could more worry on the present security framework issue with the goal that will offers attention to them so wellbeing of understudies and the grounds increasingly secure. By overseeing admirably in grounds security, not just the college network will have a sense of safety, the guests will likewise appreciate the advantages in light of the fact that the likelihood to confront issues will be lower. The understudies additionally can appreciate the protected and secure scholastic condition. Extent of Study: This examination will look on the security the board in University of Malaya. The territory of study will focus on entire University of Malaya and furthermore Security Office of University of Malaya. The objective section of this exploration will for the most part center around the understudies of University of Malaya so that to accomplish the target of the examination. Research Methodology: In doing this investigation, comprehension of the meaning of security and Security Management of grounds and colleges will be done from auxiliary information, for example, magazines, papers, reference book, diary articles and modified works just as the information predominantly gathered from web. Other than that, the present security arrangement of University of Malaya can likewise be examined. What's more, poll studies information will be gathered from understudies so that can realize the fulfillment level on security in University of Malaya among them. The information assortment and data assembled will be placed into outline in the most legitimate manner. In this manner, each datum and data accumulated will be broke down before the examination can arrive at the resolution. Structure of the Study: This section gives a succinct prologue to the subject of this investigation. It incorporates explanation of research issues, targets of the investigation, foundation, noteworthiness of the examination, extent of study, look into philosophy and the structure of the investigation. In the Chapter 2, the Literature Review, give data to better comprehension on the security the board of college including the job of security and sorts of security. Other than that, this part will likewise examine the significance of the security arrangement and the gadgets utilized in usage of grounds security. Part 3 is the Case Study which will concentrate on the present security framework and the executives in University of Malaya. All data and documentations that identified with the Security Office and the security of University of Malaya will be considered. This section will likewise analyze the contextual investigation which looks on kinds of security framework, for example, the traffic control, CCTV, get to control, giving of vehicle sticker and extraordinary group just as job of security monitors. Section 4 is the Findings and Analysis of the examination approach. Before continue with examination, look into procedure will be quickly clarified. The quantitative research will gives the arrangement of the amount study through poll study. The outcome will base on the examination of the information gathered just as perception. Ultimately, Chapter 5 is the Conclusion and Recommendation. The finish of the investigation will be gotten from the discoveries and examination done in past section. After of all, the proposal and suggestion with respect to progress of security framework will be made.

2016-2017 College Application Calendar for Juniors

2016-2017 College Application Calendar for Juniors 2016-2017 College Application Calendar for Juniors 2016-2017 College Application Calendar for Juniors Dearest juniors-or do you now prefer to go by “rising seniors?” Dearest class of 2017, welcome to the busiest year of your life. Before you start stockpiling RedBull or making plans to flee to Cuba, know that you can do this. At this very moment, you have the whole year ahead of you, and if you pace yourself, you’ll survive the application process like a champ. (And we bet you won’t even need those RedBulls.) Of course we think the essay is one of the most important parts of your application, and it is objectively one of the most time-consuming, so we made you a 12-month college application calendar to help you organize your writing process around other admissions cycle milestones. Stay tuned for future installments! And by the way, seniors, we didn’t forget about you. You should also stay tuned for some more tips on applying to liberal arts schools with late deadlines, surviving the wait, and (gulp) writing yourself off the waitlist. And now, without further ado, the calendar: JANUARY: Get Organized! You’ll need to write up a formal resume at some point, but for now, take a look back at your high school career (or at least 2015) and start a running list of all of your accomplishments. What leadership roles did you take on? What games did you win? What accolades did you receive? What challenges did you surmount? Be as specific as possible and keep this up-to-date through the end of the year. FEBRUARY: Prepare! In our opinion, it’s never too early to get started on your college essay. We say so about a zillion times in College Essay Academy, our 10-episode video introduction to the college essay. Before you have to actually start writing these essays, you should know what kind of challenges lie ahead â€" and how to overcome them! MARCH: Brace Yourself for the Common App! The Common App typically releases its new batch of prompts sometime in March, so keep your eyes peeled. It’s waaaay too early in the game to commit to a prompt at this point, but, ya know, forewarned is forearmed. Looking ahead: APRIL: Research! MAY: Take your APs (and other exams)! JUNE: Pick your recommenders! JULY: Have experiences! AUGUST: Start writing! SEPTEMBER: Keep writing! OCTOBER: Polish up your early application(s)! NOVEMBER: Polish up your regular applications! (Yes, everyone.) DECEMBER: Hit submit! Well be filling in these upcoming months in installments to help you stay on track! In the meantime, you know where to find us. Learn more about the CEA process. Read our guide to the 2015-2016 Common App. Preview College Essay Academy and get a head start on your essays. About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth »

Kant Moral Theories - 1002 Words

Kants moral theory According to Timmons, the field of philosophy is not complete without the mention of Kant whose contributions were major (205). This, he adds, was influenced by his originality, subtle approach and the difficulty of his works. Timmons cites that moral requirements are a requirement of reason, which is the ideology of Kant’s Moral theory; hence, immoral act is an act against reason. Consequently, speaking on the terminologies of Kant we visualize moral requirements as Categorical Imperatives (CI) grounded on reason and can, therefore, get derived from a supreme moral principle. The imperative in this case refers to a command. Principally, Kant argued that immorality involved the violation of the Categorical Imperative,†¦show more content†¦This ideology is supported by visualizing on all the objects that people desire, which serves as a means of their happiness. Hence, he deduces his conclusion on the fact that human rights were only made to create happiness for the pe ople and law is not the only measure of justice for other laws might always be unjust (Lyons 48). Though, a lot of critics have emerged from the view by Mill, whose main intention was to stress on one thing that he believed was the source of morality – pleasure. Critics argue that this does not in any way fully protect individual rights. The measure of everything cannot be standardized and in that case his meaning of the term ‘happiness’ does not fully depict the depth in which it can reach. Hence, happiness is such a complex term and it is less depicted by the theory. In an attempt to counter the critics, Mill manages to make the theory a more complex moral theory. Case Study of John In whether John should sell the car and support his family of four or donate it to the veterans, one decision is based on achieving his happiness, while the other builds on his moral obligation to assist the public. According to Kant’s theory, the categorical imperative dictates that John should do something, be it evil or good, provided that he accomplishes his moral obligation. Yet a moral obligation should not only serve the minority or a family in this case, but it should serve the public. Hence, it wouldShow MoreRelatedKant s Theory Of Moral Theory1466 Words   |  6 Pagessince Kant s publication of his renowned ethical treatises, deontologists and utilitarians alike have argued over which moral theory is most coherent. Yet, in Mill s critique of Kant, Mill sidesteps this issue, not by directly critiquing Kant s moral theory, but rather by asserting that Kant s moral theory is actually just a form of utilitarianism. Essentially, Kant s universal law test is nothing more than a veiled appeal to consequences, as Mill correctly claims in his critique of Kant. AfterRead MoreEmmanuel Kant and Moral Theory1589 Words   |  6 Pagescontributions to moral theory is the concept of pure practical reason that, as an alternative to moral sense theory or teleological ethics, more positively views the capability of fallible individuals to act morally. Practical reason, the basis of Kantian metaphysics, was revolutionary because it challenged skepticism towards human moral capacities and insisted that the moral faculty is an implicit part of common human reason. Practical reason is an instrumental theory in Kants Metaphysics of Morals and greatlyRead MoreThe Kant Theory of Moral and Ethics1948 Words   |  8 Pagesthe issue about the class structure of society, the principles of morality, justice, right moral and upbringing ethical knowledge and among them were such celebrities as Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, Voltaire, Kant, Marx and Hegel etc. However, Kantian theory left meaningful arguments regarding to organization that is still acceptable and useful in managing business ethics. He developed the concept of moral philosophy as universal law, the level of relations of society in organization, the importanceRead MoreCriticism Of Kant s Moral Theory1339 Words   |  6 PagesCriticism of Kant’s moral theory Introduction Kant’s theory states that for an action to be considered good, it must be considered permissible for the action to apply on another party without contradiction applying (Herman, 5). It additionally states that humans should not be considered as a means to an end but should be considered as an end themselves. It goes further to distinguish between perfect duties and those not perfect (Reath, 23). A perfect duty, for example, is toRead MoreKant s Theory Of Moral Knowledge1484 Words   |  6 Pagesways to attack the question. One philosopher, in particular, by the name of Immanuel Kant, attempted to determine the morality of actions by focusing on their nature. As Kant developed his theory, his approach toward proving moral knowledge soon became widely known as Kantian deontology. Kantian deontology is a form of duty-based ethics. This is in contrast to utilitarianism, which focuses on consequences (Kay 4). Kant rejected utilitarianism, because it focused on the results of the action rather thanRead MoreMoral Theories: Kant and J.S Mill1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Throughout this paper, I will contrast and compare two moral theories in attempt to uncover what one provides a better argument and can be applied as a universal moral code. The two moral theorists Immanuel Kant and J.S Mill have created two distinctly different theories on morality and how to develop a universal moral code. Both theories focus on intentions and consequences. Kant believes that the intentions and reasons of our actions can be measured and defined as morally correct, where asRead MoreKant s Moral Theory And Ethics1407 Words   |  6 Pagesname of Immanuel Kant introduced the third major ethical philosophy, Deontology. The basis behind Deontology is that people are duty bound to act morally by certain standards despite the outcome. Determining whether a person’s actions are morally right involves look at the intent of the actions. Like other ethic theories, Deontologist applies the golden rule of treating other people the way you would want them to treat you . Deontology can be broken down into three different theories: agent-centeredRead MoreKant s Moral And Political Theory1888 Words   |  8 Pagesarguing in favor of one of the most important points of Immanuel’s Kant’s human rights view. Kant’s moral and political theory plays a huge role in human rights. According to Kant, the power of the state should be limited in order to protect the people living in it. This way the government would be constrained by the law and it will allow individuals to think and decide for themselves which is how Kant explains how a human being should be rather than wait and be told by others. He assumes that if oneRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Moral Theory872 Words   |  4 PagesImmanuel Kant once argued that the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty. Which translates to do we as humans do things not because there s an underlying consequence but because we are prog ramed to do these things whether they are right or wrong. I disagree with this theory because I believe we as humans do things based on an internal moral compass within ourselves that helps us determine whether things are right or wrong. KantRead MoreKant s Moral Theory Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesinjuries and fatal accidents? Kant’s moral theory can be a useful tool in determining the answers to these questions. Kant’s moral theory revolves around the idea that an act is morally right if it fulfills our duty, and morally wrong if it does not. His theory includes the concept of categorical imperative, he believes that this is the supreme principle of morality. Categorical imperatives are rules that apply always, no matter the circumstances. Kant’s theory also mentions maxims which are the subject

FedEx and Operations Management Essay - 2128 Words

Introduction Operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to reduce and distribute products and services. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storages, logistics and evaluations. A great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Therefore, operations management often includes substantial measurement and analysis of internal processes. Ultimately, the nature of how the operations management is carried out in an organisation depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organisation, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale and etcetera. For operations management to be successful, the function of the operation must be first be†¦show more content†¦Soon, FedEx started building upon its technology intensive SCM service offerings. By offering world-class SCM solution according to their specific requirements, FedEx earned significant appreciation from all customers. National Semiconductor Conductor (NSC) National Semiconductor Conductor, a manufacturer of state-of-the-art technology based in Santa Clara, California, realises substantial saving units global supply chain costs by outsourcing its logistics activities to FedEx in the early 90s. It had used FedEx to the distribution from a base in Singapore for eight years. The centralized distribution center receives shipments from NSC’s manufacturing plants in Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines .FedEx Logistics Services performed the basic functions of receiving and storing inventory, picking, packing and shipping to customer specifications; outbound transportation. The day to day operation started with receiving bulk orders from NSC to packing, picking, packing and shipping based on NSC’s customers’ requirements according to the standard operation procedures. All data are being keyed-in in the WMS (Warehouse Management System) which is the main interfaced between NSC and FedEx in exchanging files, balances, and inventory and handles supply chain functions. With the highly automated Information Technology systems, FedEx Logistic Services can go for days without talking to NSCShow MoreRelatedOperations Management at Fedex4541 Words   |  19 PagesSATISFACTION SURVEY FOR FEDEX 17 Appendix B: Customer Survey Results 18 1. Introduction Figure 1: Regional Head Quarters of FedEx Figure 2: FedEx Corporate Logo; courtesy www.fedex.com FedEx Corporation, situated in US, is one of the leading supply chain management solution providers in the world. With annual revenues as high as USD33 billion, the company offers incorporated business solutions in logistics through operating collaborative companies jointly under the FedEx brand. FedEx’s groupRead MoreNew Service Or Product Development Process1377 Words   |  6 PagesNew Service or product development process The FedEx Corporation has a main focus on innovation striving to come up with better ideas that will benefit their customers and the organization as well. FedEx s automated shipping system, FedEx Tracking and their electric trucks are a few examples of the innovative products that the firm has implemented in order to give their customers better solutions and services. In 2017, FedEx will launch the use of alternative jet fuels that will be used to turnRead MoreFedex Corporation : The Highest Ethical And Professional Standards1554 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary FedEx Corporation will produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high-value-added logistics, transportation, and related business services through focused operating companies. Customer requirements will be met in the highest quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its team members, partners, and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. CorporateRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Fedex And Ups993 Words   |  4 Pagesaround 13 million packages each day and also helps its customers with supply chain management, logistics, and financial services. The industry offers two basic products that are air and ground deliveries. Three major competitors, FedEx, UPS and USPS, rule both of the product lines. In this comparison we will only be comparing FedEx and UPS because the companies have a strong brand names and are highly competitive. FedEx on the other hand i s a $17 billion global transportation and logistics company,Read MoreIntroduction Of Federal Express ( Fedex )1708 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Federal Express (FedEx) is one of leaders in air delivery and freight shipping throughout the world. They have developed a business model that has kept them competitive in domestic and foreign markets. They ship products within three business days to over 90 percent of the world’s gross domestic regions. Their air route authorities and transportation infrastructure, combined with information technologies, makes them the world’s largest express shipping company (n.d., Company informationRead MoreReview Of Fedex Express The American Air Cargo Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pages FedEx Express the American Air Cargo Company offers speed and dependable transportation method in high volume shipments every official working days a result of the effective practices in supply chain and partially procurement. (Kasarda, J.D., Appold, S.J., Mori, M. and Calgary, C., 2008) This report will illustrate the importance of procurement in air cargo in addition, Classify the best procurement performs and advance technology and effective procurement base to control cost, and increase awarenessRead MoreFedEx Logistics982 Words   |  4 PagesFedEx logistics FedEx is a leading provider of supply chain management to corporate customers on a global perspective. FedEx is made up of six independent business units; FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, FedEx Custom Critical, FedEx Trade Networks and FedEx Services which all complete each in the different sectors of the transportation industry so that they can tailor FedEx services as a whole to fit its customers needs in the best way possible. It boasts of a fleet of aircraft andRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Fedex And Ups1028 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion packages each day and also helps its customers with supply chain management, logistics, and financial services. The industry offers two basic products that are air and ground deliveries. Both of the product lines are highly developed and ruled by three major competitors, FedEx, UPS and USPS. In this comparison we will only be comparing FedEx and UPS because the companies have a strong brand names and are highly competitive. FedEx on the o ther hand is a $17 billion global transportation and logisticsRead MoreFedex Apac Hr Shared Services Center in Wuhan1506 Words   |  7 PagesCC-408-006 FedEx APAC HR Shared Services Center in Wuhan This case was prepared by Prof. Lee, Jean S K and LIU Jia at Case Center of CEIBS. The case was prepared as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Certain names and other identifying information may have been disguised to protect confidentiality. Copyright  © 2008 by CEIBS (China Europe International Business School) No part of this publication mayRead MoreFedex Case Study on Creating Value1256 Words   |  6 PagesBPSM (FedEx-UPS) Creating Value at FedEx and UPS From the companys founding close to 30 years ago, FedExs strategic competitiveness has been based on an obsession with, and careful nurturing of, delivery speed and reliability as its core competencies. These competencies have been critical to the pursuit of the opportunities that were associated with Frederick W. Smiths early vision of todays fast-cycle global economy. Believing that value could be added to business firms operations if they

Michael Fullan and his Long-lasting Legacy Free Essays

string(77) " that the more complex society gets, the more sophisticated leading must go\." Michael Fullan is acknowledged as one of the leaders in teacher instruction and a major advocate of educational reform in the whole universe. He is an icon in the planetary academic community and holds esteemed places in honored educational establishments in Canada. The celebrated Fullan is a professor emeritus at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto and a physician of doctrine. We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Fullan and his Long-lasting Legacy or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was dean of the module of instruction at the University of Toronto from 1988 to 2003. Fullan has been conferred honorary doctor’s degrees from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland and from Nipissing University in Canada ( Prolonging Reform, 2005 ) . The pacemaker in primary plans of alteration in the school leading and plans for educational betterments is an writer of assorted publications on the topic of educational alteration. Michael Fullan is a fecund author. Some of his outstanding plants that have been given awards are The New Meaning of Educational Change, 3rd Edition, Leading in a Culture of Change, Change Forces: The Sequel, A Change Forces: Probing the Depths of Educational ReformA , and the What ‘s Deserving Fighting ForA series. His recent bestselling pieces are The Six Secrets of Change and Motion Leadership. His latest best sellers areA The Six Secrets of Change andA Motion Leadership. As an agent of alteration in the academic, Fullan has played a prima function as policy wise man, research worker and trainer on assorted undertakings in coaction with and for instructors ‘ associations, research and development organisations and international bureaus both in Canada and other states. He is at the nucleus of the group set abouting a four twelvemonth assessment of the National Literacy and Numeracy Strategy in England. Michael Fullan is called the reform designer of Ontario. He enjoys strong concern connexions which stand to derive straight from his reforms. All of the reforms place greater accent on raising literacy and numeracy results through targeted support, ageless instructor and chief retraining, intensifying intercessions and greater answerability for standardised trial public presentation. He runs Michael Fullan Enterprises Inc. and Leadership4Change, and he occupies a topographic point on the board of international advisers of Microsoft ‘s, Partners in Learning. ( Thompson, 2009 ) . The Need for Change Fullan emphasizes that ‘effective school leaders are the cardinal to large-scale, sustainable instruction reform. For some clip, pedagogues have believed that principals must be instructional leaders if they are to be the effectual leaders needed for sustained invention. School capacity is the important variable impacting instructional quality and corresponding pupil accomplishment. At the bosom of school capacity are principals focused on the development of instructors ‘ cognition and accomplishments, professional community, plan coherency, and proficient resources ( Fullan, 2002 ) ‘ . As explained by Fullan, the load lies on the shoulders of the principals since they are chiefly responsible for originating and supervising the preparation of instructors so that the latter can be efficient and effectual conveyers of cognition to their pupils. Fink and Resnick suggest that school territory caputs should spearhead attempts to develop principals into instructional leaders who could accomplish a large-scale turnaround in literacy and numeracy. They described some nucleus schemes for developing the function of the principal as instructional leader, including five reciprocally reenforcing sets of strategic activities: nested larning communities, chief institutes, leading for direction, equal acquisition, and single coaching ( 2001, pp. 598-606 ) . The long-run function of principals, so, is to supply instructional leading for their instructors. With this trade name of headship, the instructors can be relied upon to transport out the basic duty of leaving to their several pupils the cognition that they deserve and need. Fullan adds, there is a demand for leaders who can make a cardinal transmutation in the acquisition civilizations of schools and of the instruction profession itself. The function of the principal as instructional leader is excessively narrow a construct to transport the weight of the sorts of reforms that will make the schools that we need for the hereafter. Like the concern leader, the principal of the hereafter, the cultural alteration principal, must be cognizant of the large image, that of a sophisticated conceptual mind who transforms the organisation through people and squads ( Fullan, 2001 ) . Similarly, ‘the other traits of a civilization alteration chief include the ability to attest a profound and thorough ethical rule. He or she must be a trendsetter and possess the adroitness to cover with the procedure of alteration and realizes that instruction is both an rational and moral profession. More significantly the civilization alteration principal should spot that constructing relationships and squads is the most hard accomplishment for both concern and instruction leaders ‘ . To be a successful leader of alteration, it is advisable to follow the statement that the distinguishable facet common to successful alteration is that relationships get better. Therefore, if relationships get better, schools develop. If relationships remain the same or acquire worse, land is lost. Therefore, leaders set up relationships with different people and groups. During hard times, emotional intelligence is imperative. Emotionally intelligent leaders are able to construct relationships because they are cognizant of their ain emotional make-up and are sensitive and animating to others ( Goleman, Boyatzis, A ; McKee, 2002 ) . Indeed, sweeping alterations must happen in the instruction sector and when these alterations have been implemented, school decision makers, principals and instructors must see to it that these additions should be sustained and protected. As indicated by Fullen, the chief point is about a alteration in the civilization of schools and a alteration in the civilization of learning. ‘Reculturing is the chief work of leading, and it requires an implicit in conceptualisation of the cardinal elements that feed it. It is the context of the school and territory in which they work which means that principals have to be about as concerned about the success of other schools in the territory as they are about their ain schools. ‘ Effective Leadership In his book, Leading for Change, Michael Fullan affirms that the more complex society gets, the more sophisticated leading must go. You read "Michael Fullan and his Long-lasting Legacy" in category "Essay examples" The eventuality theoretical account is intended to supply a model that will gestate leading as a developmental procedure that will take into history the dynamic and unstable context of the school by associating the most appropriate leading manner to the demands of the school. Fixing leaders to successfully work within a context of alteration and uncertainness is overriding. Guaranting that these leaders get the cognition and accomplishments necessary to utilize these assorted theoretical accounts is imperative ( Stewart, 2006 ) . Merely like corporate organisations, educational establishments depend on leading for continued being. They have to go learning organisations to digest all obstructions and win in their projects. Training and bring forthing effectual leaders in educational establishments can non be limited to instilling effectual traits in people. Organizations and schools should be developed to back up the corporate signifier of leading where persons feel safe, supported and free to believe and move creatively ( Stewart ) . The decisions of Arthur Levine about leading readying plans were non at all encouraging. The quality of most readying plans for instruction leaders ranges from insufficient to gross outing. The state ‘s educational disposal plans need to fix high quality principals and overseers, who can take schools and school territories through the profound alterations called for under province betterment programs. More than 40 per centum of principals and a higher per centum of overseers are expected to go forth their occupations over the following decennary which means that the state faces an pressing demand to educate big Numberss of extremely skilled decision makers ( Levine, 2005 ) . Ii is hence imperative that the province should work closer with school decision makers, principals and instructors to pass the system that does non look to work decently. Educational direction plans need more polish if merely to determine that top-quality instructors, who can execute satisfactorily, are produced in the old ages to come. In response to this predication of Levine is a discourse by Schmoker, ‘the sarcasm is merely excessively much.A Your school, labeled underperforming or an tantamount term, has to develop an betterment program. A Unfortunately, it is merely such betterment planning that presently accounts for a big portion of school failure. ThereA areA straightforward, proven means for bettering accomplishment in virtually any school scene. But school betterment planning, like its sister, school reform merelyA distracts us from the difficult work ofA bettering instruction ( 2003 ) . Possibly, a really relevant theory espoused by Michael Fullan is his recommendation that Change is needed to develop schools as learning communities. Collegiality provides the best get downing point in the procedure of instructor regeneration. Traveling or larning enriched ‘ schools are what he calls professional acquisition communities. Teaching demands to be seen as a collective instead than an single endeavor. This is the ground why it means it is easier to learn in some schools than others. Successful schools enforce, through moral duties, consistent criterions and they are more likely to swear and value others and inquire for and portion expertness. This is what makes such schools easier to learn, and larn to learn better in, than others. Teachers in such schools are less likely to uncritically conform to enforce thoughts. They have developed the capacity to self reflect, to analyze pupil public presentation and act on their ain apprehensions ( Fullan, 2001 ) . Fullan portions to the populace, six alleged messages about alteration which are extremely pertinent to the points being discussed in this treatise. To sum up Fullan ‘s arrows on alteration, ‘the first is people should happen significance in reform to bring forth the coveted impact ; 2nd, bing schemes will non acquire us to where we want to travel ; third, although short-run additions can be achieved by standards-based reform, it is lifelessly if the decision is that schools should make more of the same ; 4th, the acquisition organization/community is more than a cliche ; 5th, we need to see the corporate good ; and sixth, we have to larn to populate with alteration. With regard to leading, Fullan mentions the four facets of leading, doing a difference in the lives of pupils ; perpetrating to cut downing the spread between high and low performing artists within your school or territory ; lending to cut downing the spread in the larger environment ; and transforming the working ( or larning conditions ) of others so that growing, committedness, battle, and changeless spawning of leading in others are being fostered. Finally, Fullan interpolates that leaders at many degrees must be cultivated as people learn in context. An organisation can non flourish-at least, non for long-on the actions of the top leader entirely. Schools and territories need many leaders at many degrees. Learning in context helps bring forth such leaders. Further, for leaders to be able to cover with complex jobs, they need many old ages of experience and professional development on the occupation. To some extent, a school leader ‘s effectivity in making a civilization of sustained alteration will be determined by the leaders he or she leaves behind ( 2002 ) . It is besides important at this point to understand the six secrets of alteration that Fullan wrote approximately so as to assist in dissecting the elements of leading and alteration. Fullan ‘s Six Secrets of Change Secret figure one is Love your Employees every bit much as your clients. Secret figure two is Connect Peers with Purpose. Secret figure three is Capacity Judgment trumps Judgementalism. Secret Number Four is Learning is the Work. Secret Number Five is Transparency Rules. Secret Number Six is Systems Learn ( Fullan, 2008 ) . Possibly, one of the most indispensable secrets is figure three – capacity-building undeniably precedes the development of the shared efficaciousness of the major participants to obtain the needful amendments in instruction every bit good as acquisition. Fullan highlights the demand to develop the corporate effectivity of a group of the whole system to really acquire more reform in instruction and acquisition and pupil results.A The three parametric quantities are new accomplishments and competences ; resources, thoughts, stuffs and money ; and the 3rd is motive as a capacity. When people are motivated the capacity goes up to acquire something done ( 2008 ) .A Learning is the work is merely every bit of import. Professional acquisition is what goes on twenty-four hours after day.A The indicant Fullan considered was ‘the difference between the effectual administrations and the less than effectual 1s as they had civilizations where learning and larning for the grownups was a core portion of the mundane civilization ‘ . Transparency is besides every bit critical because there should ever be accessA to pattern, informations, consequence and accomplishments. Meanwhile, linking equals with intent is about focussed equal communicating and lifting above the top-down and bottom-up difference. Systems Learn, says Fullan and although this may be abstract, it should be interpreted as being done operationally. Leaderships have to be on the dance floor and the balcony at the same clip ( Heifitz and Linsky, 2002 ) . Systems learn when you get this tri-level support underway, surely within a school if you think of turnover of caputs, school caputs, the chief job with turnover is non turnover itself but discontinuity of good way. A So the issue about systems larning is how you get continuity of good way, constructing on it but still that grade of continuity ( Fullan, 2008 ) .A Steping into leading functions is worth the hazard when your ends extend beyond material addition or personal promotion. By doing the lives of people around you better, leading provides significance to life. If alterations are efficaciously put in topographic point, most likely, the necessary educational reforms will be realized. During the last 20 old ages, the value and impact of the educational reform motion has been cause for a batch of arguments. Many school practicians and research workers have asserted that one fact remains clear: the function of the school decision maker has increased in complexness. In order to run into the challenge of this leading crisis, leaders from all degrees in school territories will necessitate to concentrate on systemic alteration to heighten alteration capacity and sustainability. The clip has come to alter the context of school in an attempt to do the place more rewarding and exciting. The function of the principal is polar to systemic school alteration and pupil accomplishment. Fullan shows how moral leading can reinvent the principal-ship and convey about large-scale school betterment by disputing all who work in instruction to rethink the critical function of the principal as school leader in the current epoch of answerability ( Normore, 2004 ) . Fullan adds that in complex societies, bring forthing and prolonging a critical public school system is a tall order. There must be a really competent learning force. However, this can non be achieved without leaders supplying the counsel and way. The principals, hence, play a polar function ( 2003 ) . Concentrating on Solutions In his protagonisms, Fullan broached the idea that a systematic reply is needed to postulate with the issues on the betterment of school leading. He proposes a tri-level solution that focuses on entire system transmutation through the witting, deliberate, brooding actions of the province in tri-level capacity edifice within a model of answerability. The school/community is the first of these degrees ; the territory or part is the mid degree ; and the province or policy degree is the 3rd. While the school/community and the district/region are making their several duties, the province has to demo the manner because system transmutation will non come about if the former fails to carry through its primary function. Government or province functionaries must plunge themselves in the cognition base about alteration, capacity-building within a model of answerability and as a consequence, start to believe otherwise. They have to move otherwise with regard to whom they appoint as leaders around them, what policies and schemes they formulate, and how they focus and enhance resources. Last, the province must radically redefine its relationship with the other two degrees by being more transparent, more involved, patterning and taking capacity edifice at their ain degree, and assisting to take and ease co-determined solutions across the other two degrees ( Fullan, 2005 ) . Large graduated table reforms will non work efficaciously. It should be a well-organize tri-level reform wherein all those who are involved monitor developments and larning from their experiences as they go along. Analyzing the Views of Michael Fullan The diverse and edifying academic point of views of Michael Fullan on school reform, school leading and instructor instruction have produced legion leads for much-needed reforms in the educational system of many establishments and caused the transmutation of the instruction profession. I to the full agree with Michael Fullan that the learning profession should be re-cultured or re-created. After all, his credibleness, expertness, academic and professional accomplishments every bit good as experience can non be doubted. As Fullan competently described, ‘the learning profession still has to come of age. This new professionalism should be collaborative and non independent. It must be unfastened instead than closed, outward looking instead than insular, and important but non commanding. More than anything else, the new professionalism will do immense demands on instructors ‘ ain acquisition to larn about: acquisition manners, multiple intelligences, how to incorporate engineering ; how to interact with grownups ‘out there ‘ and how to acquire more support for their instruction ‘ . The major points that Fullan raised about school leading are deserving sing and following for they are non merely phenomenal. His thoughts are really practical and can easy adaptable provided that a co-ordinated and uninterrupted coaction between the province, school leaders and instructors is formed. Finally, the new and yet sturdy mode in covering with the larning procedure wherein the single head blends with the corporate heads should be followed for merely through this system can alter be attained. There must be an merger of expertness and thoughts to convey about additions and educational transmutation in the old ages to come. There can be no other better description than the one given by the adult male they call the Agent of Change.A ‘Imposed constructions and criterions will ne’er by themselves be able to derive teacher committedness and inventiveness, but every bit, school left entirely will either be unable to portion effectual thoughts or go stray. A delicate balance of top down and bottom up reform will be required but to win single school must non merely experience that they are in control of their ain development but besides feel portion of a bigger society transformational motion something that is deserving contending for! ‘ 3004 Wordss How to cite Michael Fullan and his Long-lasting Legacy, Essay examples

Italy Essays (595 words) - Economic History Of Italy, Italy

Italy Italy, is a boot shaped country in south-south eastern Europe. Italy, also known as the Italian Republic, is one of the seven most industrialized countries in the world. This lineup includes: United States, Russia, Germany, England, Japan, China and Italy. Italy is about the size of North Carolina and it has a population of around thirty-seven million people as of 1991. An interesting fact about the population of Italy is that it is neither growing nor shrinking. During the last decade, Italy's population hasn't exceeded a .9% increase or decrease in population. Of the 37 million inhabitants of Italy, many work as farmers, and factory workers. Climate The climate of Italy is mild. Along the coastal areas, there is a long hot summer, with a short mild, and windy winter. Italy much of the time is cold and wet especially in the winter. The yearly average temperature is 40 degrees. Main Industries/Resources Italy is a highly productive and industrialized country. Some main industries are as follows: food, mining, and manufacturing. Starting with food, is probley Italy's most recognizable industry. Italians are known for producing a fine, fresh meal, with much care taken to top quality ingredients. Italians grow the world's best olive trees. That is why much of the world's olive oil is exported from Italy. Half of Italy's farmland is occupied by grapes. Much of the world's finest vine comes from the vineyards of Italy. Since Italy is on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea,very good fishing results. Tomatoes, soybean, and other vegetables are also grown in Italy. Italy is also a successful mining nation. Mining includes: stone, marble, sulfur, mercury, natural gas, and limestone. Italy has a large abundance of limestone and marble, as most structures remain from Rome's glory years. These resources are non-renewable, since they cannot be replenished. Others, mentioned before such as tomatoes, olive and grapes are renewable resources of Italy. Another important industry of Italy is manufacturing. Italy produces a wide abundance of chemicals, textiles and machines. Italy is the world's top developer in clothing. Top designers such as Armani, and Valentino are among the most prestigious names in the clothing industry. The world's best cars are produced in Italy. Ferrari, which is based in Marenello Italy is the world's best automaker. Also included in Italy's manufacturing system is Fiat, Lamborghini and Maserati. Italy is also Europe's largest tire maker. Pirelli Tyre Co. makes the finest tires in the world. Italy is also one of the world's largest railroad car and track manufacturer. Italy exports 36% more goods than what is imported in to the country. Interesting Points Some interesting facts on Italy is that it is 116,300 square miles. That makes it a fairy large country for Europe. The average length of life in Italy is seventy-three for men, and seventy-nine for women. Italy was once under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini, the Italian dictator with ties to Adolf Hitler. The crime rate is fairly low in Italy, but an organized crime group called the "Mafia" has led an underground life of crime. Some Italian Mafia "bosses" conduct business in America. In Italian lifestyles, and they also have a different way of eating. If you are invited to eat at somebody's house, you must finish the meal. Otherwise you are considered rude. Economic System I feel Italy has a moderate command economy because while the government does have much control over what can be traded, the citizens have an abundance of ways to produce their own goods. This allows for a lot of small business entrepreneurs, and keeps the economy not so controlled by government. Bibliography Social Structure in Italy: Crisis of a System, Acquaviva, Santino, and Santuccio, Mario, (1976) -World in View, Italy, Barbara Walsh Angelillo 1991 Steck-Vaughn Co.

Sparta is better than Athens

Sparta is better than Athens Ancient Greece's physical boundaries (mountains) secluded individual cities. This isolation led to the development of city-states. Each city-state was very patriotic. This led to extreme rivalries. The best example of these rivalries is the one between the city-states of Athens and Sparta. Fierce competition paved the way for constant warring between the two states. During times of war the number one priority for the government is to protect its people. Democratic Athens did not provide the basic needs for its people. Athens focused on its arts and entertainment. Spartans oligarchy protected its people by centering their society on military. Sparta was better because it was stable and protected its people. To prove that Sparta was better than Athens this essay will discuss the conflicting focuses of each government and how Sparta met the needs of her people in a time period of war.The Athenian government did not suit the needs of its people during war-time.Ruins of Ancient Sparta, Gr eece.In 700bc landowners gained power, increasing the size of peasantry. Athens did not have enough land for the peasants to survive on. So they set up colonies around the Mediterranean. Athenian colonies traded with each other and became exceptionally rich. Instead of infusing the money into their army, it was spent on arts, building projects and athletics. After the Peloponnesian War, Athenian domination was instilled. This bothered the surrounding Greek city-states and Sparta led an attack to end Athenian superiority. In 404bc The Spartan army easily conquered ill equipped Athens. In Athenian democracy 400 nobles proposed laws and an assembly of 500 hundred accepted the laws. This assembly consisted of everyday working class men. The more time these men spent away from their jobs the less money they made. This posed a drag on the economy. Also the assembly of 500 was meaningless...

The Root Causes of the American Revolution

The Root Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1775 as an open conflict between the United Thirteen Colonies  and Great Britain. Many factors played a role in the colonists desires to fight for their independence. Not only did these issues lead to war, but they also shaped the foundation of the United States of America. The Cause of the American Revolution No single  event caused the revolution. It was, instead, a series of events that led to the war. Essentially, it began as a disagreement over the way Great Britain governed the colonies and the way the colonies thought they should be treated. Americans felt they deserved all the rights of Englishmen. The British, on the other hand, thought that the colonies were created to be used in ways that best suited the Crown and Parliament. This conflict is embodied in one of the rallying cries of the ​American Revolution: No Taxation Without Representation. Americas Independent Way of Thinking In order to understand what led to the rebellion, its important to look at the mindset of the founding fathers. It should also be noted that this mindset was not that of the majority of colonists: Only about one-third of the colonists supported the rebellion. One-third of the population supported Great Britain, and the other third were neutral. The 18th century is known historically  as the age of Enlightenment. It was a period when thinkers, philosophers, statesman, and artists began to question the politics of government, the role of the church, and other fundamental and ethical questions of society as a whole. The period was also known as the Age of Reason, and many colonists followed this new way of thinking. A number of the revolutionary leaders had studied major writings of the Enlightenment including those of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the Baron de Montesquieu. From these thinkers, the founders gleaned such new political concepts as the social contract, limited government, the consent of the governed, and the  separation of powers. Lockes writings, in particular, struck a chord. His books helped to raise questions about the rights of the governed and the overreach of the British government. They spurred the republican ideology that stood up in opposition to those viewed as tyrants. Men such as Benjamin Franklin and John Adams were also influenced by the teachings of the Puritans and Presbyterians. These teachings included such new radical ideas as the principle that all men are created equal and the belief that a king has no divine rights. Together, these innovative ways of thinking led many in this era to consider it their duty to rebel against laws they viewed as unjust. The Freedoms and Restrictions of Location The geography of the colonies also contributed to the revolution. Their distance from Great Britain naturally created a sense of independence that was hard to overcome. Those willing to colonize the new world generally had a strong independent streak with a profound desire for new opportunities and more freedom. The Proclamation of 1763 played its own role. After the French and Indian War, King George III issued the royal decree that prevented further colonization west of the Appalachian Mountains. The intent was to normalize relations with the Native Americans, many of whom fought with the French. A number of settlers had purchased land in the now forbidden area or had received land grants. The crowns proclamation was largely ignored as settlers moved anyway and the Proclamation Line eventually moved after much lobbying. Despite this concession, the affair left another stain on the relationship between the colonies and Britain. The Control of Government The existence of colonial legislatures meant that the colonies were in many ways independent of the crown. The legislatures were allowed to levy taxes, muster troops, and pass laws. Over time, these powers became rights in the eyes of many colonists. The British government had different ideas and attempted to curtail the powers of these newly elected bodies. There were numerous measures designed to ensure the colonial legislatures did not achieve autonomy, although many had nothing to do with the larger British Empire. In the minds of colonists, they were a matter of local concern. From these small, rebellious legislative bodies that represented the colonists, the future leaders of the United States were born. The Economic Troubles Even though the British believed in mercantilism, Prime Minister Robert Walpole espoused a view of salutary neglect. This system was in place from 1607 through 1763, during which the British were lax on enforcement of external trade relations. Walpole believed this enhanced freedom would stimulate commerce. The French and Indian War led to considerable economic trouble for the British government. Its cost was significant, and the British were determined to make up for the lack of funds. They levied new taxes on the colonists and increased trade regulations. These actions were not well received by the colonists. New taxes were enforced, including the Sugar Act and the Currency Act, both in 1764. The Sugar Act increased already considerable taxes on molasses and restricted certain export goods to Britain alone. The Currency Act prohibited the printing of money in the colonies, making businesses rely more on the crippled British economy.   Feeling underrepresented, overtaxed, and unable to engage in free trade, the colonists rallied to the slogan, No Taxation Without Representation. This discontent became very apparent in 1773 with the events that later became known as the Boston Tea Party. The Corruption and Control The British governments presence became increasingly more visible in the years leading to the revolution. British officials and soldiers were given more control over the colonists and this led to widespread corruption. Among the most glaring of these issues were the Writs of Assistance. These were general search warrants that gave British soldiers the right to search and seize any property they deemed to be smuggled or illegal goods. Designed to assist the British in enforcing trade laws, these documents allowed British soldiers to enter, search, and seize warehouses, private homes, and ships whenever necessary. However, many abused the power. In 1761, the Boston lawyer James Otis fought for the constitutional rights of the colonists in this matter but lost. The defeat only inflamed the level of defiance and ultimately led to the Fourth Amendment in the U.S. Constitution. The Third Amendment was also inspired by the overreach of the British government. Forcing colonists to house British soldiers in their homes infuriated the population. It was inconvenient and costly to the colonists, and many also found it a traumatic experience after events like  the Boston Massacre in 1770. The Criminal Justice System Trade and commerce were overly controlled, the British army made its presence known, and the local colonial government was limited by a power far across the Atlantic Ocean. If these affronts to the colonists dignity were not enough to ignite the fires of rebellion, American colonists also had to endure a corrupt justice system. Political protests became a regular occurrence as these realities set in. In 1769, Alexander McDougall was imprisoned for libel when his work To the Betrayed Inhabitants of the City and Colony of New York was published. His imprisonment and the Boston Massacre were just two infamous examples of the measures the British took to crack down on protesters.   After six British soldiers were acquitted and two dishonorably discharged for the Boston Massacre- ironically enough, defended by John Adams- the British government changed the rules. From then on, officers accused of any offense in the colonies would be sent to England for trial. This meant that fewer witnesses would be on hand to give their accounts of events and it led to even fewer convictions. To make matters even worse, jury trials were replaced with verdicts and punishments handed down directly by colonial judges. Over time, the colonial authorities lost power over this as well because the judges were known to be chosen, paid, and supervised by the British government. The right to a fair trial by a jury of their peers was no longer possible for many colonists. Grievances That Led to Revolution and the Constitution All of these grievances that colonists had with the British government led to the events of the American Revolution. And many of these grievances directly affected what the founding fathers wrote into the U.S. Constitution. These constitutional rights and principles reflect the hopes of the framers that the new American government would not subject their citizens to the same loss of freedoms that the colonists had experienced under Britains rule.

Cyperethics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cyperethics - Article Example Just as the power of the steam engine was harnessed as a raw resource during the Industrial Revolution, so is the logic of a computer as a raw resource of the Computer Revolution. Since logic applies everywhere, the potential applications of computer technology seem limitless and that’s the main reason computers have caused a revolution. 2. James Moor discusses the following three kinds of invisibility; first and foremost is the invisible abuse which is the intentional use of the invisible operations of a computer to engage in unethical conduct. The best illustration of this is the case of a programmer who after realizing he could steal excess interest from a bank, instructed a computer to deposit the fraction of cents left over after rounding off in his own bank account. The second invisibility factor is the presence of invisible programming values, which basically are values embedded in a computer program. Writing a computer program is like building a house, there is always room for making numerous decisions about matters not specified in order to construct the house no matter how detailed the specifications may be. Similarly in order, to implement a program which satisfies the specifications a programmer makes some value judgments about what is important and what is not. Eventually these values become part of the final product and usually are invisible to someone who runs the program. Sometimes invisible programming values are so invisible that even the programmers are unaware of them. Programs may also have bugs or may be based on implicit assumptions which do not become obvious until there is a crisis. The third invisibility factor which perhaps is the most disturbing is invisible complex calculation. Nowadays computers are capable of enormous calculations which are beyond human comprehension. Even if a program is understood, it does not necessarily follow that the calculations based on that program are understood. Computers

Assess the Changing Politics of Environmentalism in Chinese Civil Essay - 1

Assess the Changing Politics of Environmentalism in Chinese Civil Society - Essay Example Thus, in the hopes of assessing the changing politics of environmentalism in the Chinese civic culture, this essay briefly narrates the history of environmentalism in the country and how it changed overtime. In addition, the essay presents examples of online environmental initiatives, their hard line activities, and the corresponding impact of these internet-facilitated activities on civil society. The Chinese people have once more proven to the world their innovative prowess with the onslaught of online green social movements. Rapid development in technology has assisted the wake of environmentalism among the Chinese. â€Å"Environmental activism in China critically diverges from the popular image of social movements as ‘masses of people taking to the streets and erecting barricades’ (Peter ho and Edmonds 216). The country has wakened up to the alarming needs to protect its environment as a measure to prevent possible calamities and widespread communicable diseases with a view to minimize the operation costs in the administration of the country. In the past, Mao introduced a revolutionary industrialization program in which he insisted falling trees and leveling the surface of the land in order to support the growth of industry in China. The depletion of environmental balance in the country was constituted mainly by Mao’s policies as per the references of many a historian in the world. For instance, the agricultural policies like ‘close plating of seedlings, deep planting, the double- blade plow, peculiar fertilization techniques’ were of negative impacts on the environment (Shapiro 76). In addition, Mao’s political line was rather utopian as he considered nature his most prolific enemy to be conquered. He associated a ‘mass culture’ in China with which he formulated his policies and executed the destruction of forests. It has to be observed that

The Proliferation Of Mass Media

The Proliferation Of Mass Media 1. The proliferation of mass media television, radio, internet and print media with its reach across vast swaths of the globe has made it a strategic imperative for countries today to proactively manage their image and perceptions if they are to become a Soft power. Forming, communicating and managing Indias appealing attributes in an era of 24/7 news becomes increasingly important to how we are perceived by other nations and peoples. A corollary to communicating our attributes is that we need to contemplate and define the attributes that best define us as a nation.  [i]   2. India is fortunate enough to be endowed with a rich Soft Power. The foundation of Indias Soft Power is its pluralism, tolerance, secularism, unparallel cultural heritage of music, dance-drama, yoga, Ayurveda and a tradition of absolute thinking. This tradition of abstract thinking has given an unrivalled edge in the contemporary world. It is this tradition of abstract thinking which has put India in the centre-stage of Information Technology. A long tradition of learning enabled India to master modern Western Science Technology. IITs and IIMs and other Institutes become the primary vehicles of keeping abreast with the western Science and Technology. The appeal of its democratic system and growing economic success make it an exciting counterpart to more authoritarian China and a far more affluent United States. 3. What India can achieve can be guestimated from the following figures:  [ii]   (a) 38% of doctors in America are Indians. (b) 12% of Scientists in USA are Indians. (c) 36% of NASA employees are Indians. (d) 34% of Microsoft employees are Indians. (e) 28% of IBM employees are Indians. (f) 17% of Intel employees are Indian. (g) 13% of Xerox employees are Indians. (h) 23% of Indian Community in the USA is having green Card. (J) In Silicon Valley, one third of the engineers are of Indian descent and 70% of high-tech firms are led by Indian CEOs. 4. This is what Indians can achieve in the most developed country of the developed world USA. So, is India in a position to get due recognition by other nations of the world? Its economy is growing at a stupendous rate of over eight percent. India now is a nuclear power, having the fourth largest military, and supports over 17.5 percent of the worlds population. Its foreign exchange is a whooping 313 billion dollars and growing. Indians dominate the list of top 10 billionaires, with four Indians on the list. Does this prove the grandeur of India? So, now can it have a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council, and be allowed to join the elite power group? Can it now be placed above the Third World status, and be known to the world as a developed country? India has not adequately utilized its Soft Power resources at home and through the Indian Diaspora. India should realize where its strengths lie if it wants to resurrect its image. In Shashi Tharoors words, India must de termine where its strengths lie as it seeks to make the twenty-first century its own.  [iii]   5. So where does India stand in terms of Soft power potential? Today, we find ourselves often being referred to as a potential power in spite of nearly half a decade of record economic growth. To be acknowledged as a global power India needs to unlock its vast potential to be a Soft power. We are uniquely positioned to tap into the characteristics an ancient culture, expanding economy, vibrant democracy, spirituality, diversity, and a widespread Diaspora which provide India with core attributes that are attractive to the World. Examples of success abound, Bollywood today reaches an audience twice as large as that of Hollywood; our Information Technology industry competes globally; Yoga has become mainstream in the west, and even the IITs and IIMs have become synonymous with world class education. Indias philanthropic efforts in the reconstruction of Afghanistan and more recently the aid offered to countries affected by the tsunami underscores our concern for the world around us. Fo r India to truly become a tour de force in the community of nations, it needs to look at its weaknesses and turn them into our biggest opportunity by offering the world a new vision, a vision that would have to be rooted in our own success.  [iv]   Spirituality 6. Topping the list of Indian soft power is its spirituality. Spiritualism is the ultimate thirst-quencher of the human soul; it is the only solace provider, the bliss, the only universal solution to human problems. It is that way of life which leads to completeness. It is this India that has nurtured and allowed spiritualism to thrive and flourish, to see a man or woman becoming a complete human being. India (also called the blessed land of gods) has given birth to major religions of the world-Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Christianity reached India before it reached Rome or Europe. Islam, too, is in full bloom. Indias culture has absorbed all these religions, with its followers living in harmony with one another. This has added to the richness of its culture, and it represents a perfect archetype of unity in diversity.  [v]   7. The values of love, peace and brotherhood are the qualities that Indians are known for, with Gautama Buddha, Mahavir, Ashoka and Mohandas K. Gandhi being prime examples. At present, the Indian diaspora seems to be winning the hearts of the world with their endearing character and peaceful qualities. Sreeram Chaulia, in his article, The Geat Indian Diaspora, mentions that, For the most part, an average American, Canadian or Dutchman does not see Indian immigrants as national security or economic threats, thanks to their humble, flexible and endearing qualities.  [vi]   Cultural Diplomacy 8. India is acutely aware of the importance of soft power and cultural attractivity, and needs to do little to render its culture appealing to the rest of the world. The process is natural, almost organic. This is consistent with Indias long history as both a birthplace of ideas, and of peaceful cultural diffusion. The peaceful propagation of Buddhism is a multi-millennia old bond that India shares with the rest of the Asian continent that acts as a testament to the power of its civilizational pull.  [vii]   9. While India may still have miles to go in its quest to be a global political power, the world is already embracing it as a cultural superpower. From Bollywood films and food to authors like Kiran Desai conquering the Booker Street, brand India has seen transformation of sorts. No wonder, cultural diplomacy has evolved into a significant track II. Brand India is now flexing its muscles as a soft power, which is essentially the international influence a nation acquires when others are drawn to its culture and ideas. While the term may have become clichà ©d, it is being taken seriously by the South Block given the huge potential and gains that it may accrue. Earlier cultural diplomacy was considered peripheral, now the message is clear: Soft Power is important and the idea behind the festival is to project India as a plural multicultural society and to achieve the goals of political diplomacy, says Dr Karan Singh, president, Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR).  [viii]   10. While cultural diplomacy may not always provide solutions, it can help narrow differences. For instance, troubled relations with a country like Pakistan can be improved by cultural diplomacy, which India is currently engaged in. Besides strategic gains, it will supplement Indias economic relations with countries like China and can boost tourism, where India has fared below its potential. Political Diplomacy 11. Indias ambitions to be treated like a global leader of world governance at this juncture can be realised, as it is being respected as a global emerging economy and the largest democracy in the world. It is being seen as part of the new economic wall of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China), and an emerging southern voice called IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa). Many developing countries in the world are looking towards India to provide them with support (technical, professional, material) in their trajectories of development. This preference is more readily reflected in their deep appreciation of indigenous models and practices of development and progress that India is credited to have evolved so successfully. 12. The challenge before the Indian government, its political leadership and its people today is to practically demonstrate ways in which its soft power could be made accessible to many of these developing countries around the world. Indias soft power is enormous, and official leadership can acknowledge and mobilise it to make India a truly global leader.  [ix]   13. India has also increasingly sought to expand its activities as a donor, both to reposition itself as an emerging power and to use aid as an instrument for engaging with other developing countries.  [x]   Bollywood 14. When it comes to defining Indias more modern soft power Bollywood is often cited, and with reason, as a prime example. The glittering, flamboyant films churned out by Mumbais gargantuan film industry have long been popular in certain regions of the world such as the Middle East ,Central Asia, South East Asia, North Africa, South Africa and throughout South Asia and the United States. 15. Over the past decade, however, Bollywood has been making inroads elsewhere. One of the most popular current viral videos in India shows a man in the depths of Tajikistan passionately humming and singing a Bollywood theme song to his bemused Indian visitors-all in perfectly memorized Hindi. In certain African countries, such as Senegal and Mali, villagers often trek out miles to the closest projection room just to be able to watch one of the latest Bollywood films. Little does it matter that they do not understand the dialogue or that it is set in a distant land; the themes of love, family and marriage they evoke are universal, and the sparkling opulence of the dances, costumes and songs have the gift of enchanting the minds of moviegoers far less jaded than those in the West.  [xi]   Many Asian and South Asian countries increasingly came to find Indian cinema as more suited to their sensibilities than Western cinema. Jigna Desai holds that by the 21st century Indian cinema ha d managed to become deterritorialized, spreading over to the many parts of the world where Indian diaspora was present in significant numbers, and becoming an alternative to other international cinema. 16. Indian cinema has more recently begun influencing Western musical films, and played a particularly instrumental role in the revival of the genre in the Western world. Baz Luhrmann stated that his successful musical film Moulin Rouge (2001) was directly inspired by Bollywood musicals. Danny Boyles Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire (2008) was also directly inspired by Indian films, and is considered to be homage to Hindi commercial cinema. Films by progressive female Indian directors such as Mira Nair and Deepa Mehta have revealed that Indian films are more than escapist fantasies, and can be simultaneously contemplative and entertaining. 17. India is the worlds largest producer of films. In 2009, India produced a total of 2961 films on celluloid that include a staggering figure of 1288 feature films. The provision of 100% foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox, Sony Pictures, and Warner Bros. Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India. By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India, making the commercial presence of the medium felt. 18. The Indian Diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through mediums such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible. These earnings, accounting for some 12% of the revenue generated by a mainstream film, contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema, the net worth of which was found to be US$1.3 billion in 2000. Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator, with the music rights alone accounting for 4-5% of the net revenues generated by a film in India. 19. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has envisioned a whole new role for Bollywood, noting Indias soft power, especially the film industry, can be put to use as an important instrument of foreign policy. The Indian Prime minister says: The soft power of India in some ways can be a very important instrument of foreign policy. Cultural relations, Indias film industry, Bollywood I find wherever I go in the Middle East, in Africa, people talk about Indian films.  [xii]   TV Programming 20. Bruce Springsteen released a song some time back 57 channels and nothing on! 57 seemed like a good number then and India had 6 channels. Today the Indian TV industry supports more than 600 channels and there are 400 more channels in the offing awaiting governmental clearances. Indian TV studios churn out news in more than 10 languages, with an entertainment library which is now more than 10,00,000 hours of programming. India is global leader by a vast stretch. Europe by comparison is a toddler and the only other comparison with India is USA.  [xiii]   21. When the Indian TV soap opera Kynunki Saas Bhi was dubbed in Dari and aired on Afghanistans Tolo TV it was such an astounding success that it became a national obsession. 90% of television-owning Afghan families would follow the show, sometimes incurring the wrath of mullahs who viewed it as being responsible for the desertion of mosques during evening prayers.  [xiv]   The Worlds Largest Music Industry 22. India releases more music, in more languages, than any other country in the world. We have, of course, the worlds oldest living tradition in music. Compared to Indias music tradition of 3000+ years (at least), Western Music is about 400-500 years old. Most are aware of modern music but the scene in classical music is still very vibrant. Bhajans from Mirabais, Tulsidas, Surdas of 500 years ago, continue to sell in volumes and are in demand. Thyagarajas and Dikshitaars compositions in Telugu, 300 years old are still mainstream music. Compare this to the Western classical music, itself originating from the Romany Gypsy music. Western classical music has become a fringe music tradition, while Indias Bhakti geet is alive and vibrant.  [xv]   University Higher Education. 23. One of the ways in which Indias soft power in education can be significantly enhanced is by becoming a global hub for higher education. The US and the UK realized the importance of this and opened its doors to foreign students in the 20th century. India has some natural advantages to attract students in terms of low annual tuition fees (less than $ 10,000 per year), low cost of living and most of the universities teaching in English capable of handling English speaking students. India can attract many students from emerging economies in Africa and Asia. India has the potential to become a global education hub and also rival Bollywood with education as a soft power. Knowledge Power 24. In this twenty first century, India is regarded as a knowledge-producing machine, with its doctors, engineers, scientists and software professionals being the first preference of the international community. Indian education is high quality. Barack Obama, the U.S. President, in his election campaign had promised Americans that he would improve the level of American education to such high standards so as to enable the American students to compete with the students of India and China. Also, according to R N. Vijay, Martin Luther King once said, When I go to other nations, I go to preach. When I go to India, I go to learn.  [xvi]  These examples show reverence for Indian wisdom. 25. In the US, there are Indians in almost all the good research labs. Indian doctors have made a name for themselves in many parts of the world. Many of the Indian immigrants to the US have been professionals engineers, doctors, scientists, etc. If India is able to contribute more to this growing tribe of educated professionals, it will create yet another category of soft power. Health Diplomacy 26. The Indian healthcare industry is seen to be growing at a rapid pace and is expected to become a US$280 billion industry by 2020. The Indian healthcare market was estimated at US$35 billion in 2007 and is expected to reach over US$70 billion by 2012 and US$145 billion by 2017.  [xvii]   27. India is quickly becoming a hub for medical tourists seeking quality healthcare at an affordable cost. Reduced costs, access to the latest medical technology, growing compliance to international quality standards and ease of communication all work towards Indias advantage. Foreigners in increasing numbers are now coming to India for private health care. They come from the Middle East, Africa, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, for complex paediatric cardiac surgery or liver transplants-procedures that are not done in their home countries. They also come from the United Kingdom, Europe, and North America for quick, efficient, and cheap coronary bypasses or orthopaedic procedures. A shoulder operation in the UK would cost  £10 000 ($17 460; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬14 560) done privately or entail several months wait under the NHS. In India, the same operation can be done for  £1700 and within 10 days of a first email contact.  [xviii]   28. Traditional Indian rejuvenation methods like yoga, ayurvedic massage find favour with people in western countries and corporate hospitals and wellness centers are cashing on this. Allopathic system of medicine has reached its tether. It is no more in a position to cure the civilizational diseases of the day heart ailments, Cancer, AIDS and diseases related to digestive system. Therefore there is talk of an alternative system of medicine. Ayurveda has all the potential as an alternative system of medicine without any side-effect. 29. Yoga is an ancient practice of keeping the body healthy and non-diseased. Yoga has all the powers to heal all kinds of incurable diseases. With the emergence of Baba Ramdev, Yoga has certainly become popular and pervasive all over the world. But the unfortunate fact remains that Indian State has made the least efforts to popularize it. With the rising longevity of mankind, Yogas relevance would further increase. No amount of food and medicine can keep the body fit and fine in base age of ones life. Yoga is indispensable in late age of ones life to keep the body healthy and non-diseased. Indian Diaspora 30. The biggest instrument of our soft power is the Indian Diaspora. The Indian diaspora can play a major role in spreading the soft power of India through the immense influence that they possess in their residential countries.  [xix]  Mr. Yashwant Sinha, according to C. Raja Mohan, pointed out that, people of Indian origin are extremely important sources of support for the Indian Government in the execution of its policies through the influence and respect they command in the countries in which they live.  [xx]   31. Guyana, Mauritius, Fiji, Tobago, Trinidad, Singapore and many other countries at some point or the other have experienced the leadership of a person of Indian origin. In the developed countries too, they are leaving no stone unturned, and all this just in order to enhance the intangible standing of India. During Presidential elections in the US, the Indian community is targeted by the candidates, which is also a reflection of the clout that this community enjoys.  [xxi]   32. India once again seeks to leverage the tremendous intellectual, financial and communicative resources of its diaspora, estimated to number 25 million, widely scattered across five continents. Through their glittering academic and professional careers overseas, the diaspora opened the eyes of the West to India as a reliable destination for business process outsourcing (BPO) and for the cutting-edge phenomenon- knowledge process outsourcing (KPO). India is the proud recipient of more remittances from its Diaspora than any other country, beating China and Mexico and reigning at $21.7 billion per annum.  [xxii]  

Speech introducing the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop

My fellow students and writers, welcome. The honour of speaking to you, the poets of the future, has been bestowed upon me and I hope I will not disappoint. As Stephen Spender once said ‘I fear I cannot make an amusing speech as I read that all geniuses are devoid of humour'. Today I will be speaking about one of the greatest female poets of the twentieth century, and one of my own personal favourites, Elizabeth Bishop. ‘There's nothing more embarrassing than being a poet really'. The words of this modest poet convey the shy hidden qualities of a woman who was spectacular in being unspectacular. Bishop was never preoccupied with the obsolescent idea of being a poet. This gave her a sincerity that transposed to her poetry in expressing the emotional journey that was her life. Her poetry echoes a life well lived with extremes of emotion from the joy of heightened awareness, to abject isolation and depression. Elizabeth Bishop was born in America in 1911. Her father died shortly after her birth and at the age of five Bishop lost her mother to mental illness. These harsh lessons of life, so early learned, left a void in Bishop's life, the void of a settled loving family. Her poem ‘Filling Station' explores the themes of love and family which depicts her longing to be loved and to belong. The poem describes a family living amongst the oil and dirt of a filling station. At first she dismisses the filthy place ‘Oh but it is dirty! ‘ But as in much of her poetry Bishop looks beyond the obvious to find a beauty and homeliness within all the dirt. In this poem she comes to the conclusion that ‘Somebody loves us all'. This short sentence has gained the power of a proverb for me in my life and I'm sure it will hold resonance with many of you too. This comforting thought, wise and true, shows how Bishop reveals the truth through her close observation of the little things in her quest for self-discovery. Bishop's original way of viewing situations is also clear in her poem ‘The Prodigal'. Have you ever wondered what happened to the prodigal son during his transgression from home? Well Bishop did in this clever poem which focuses on the lowest part of the prodical son's life. This effectively simple poem describes mankind's need for companionship, she herself being a self-proclaimed outsider. As an outsider Bishop led a very unsettled restless life described as desperately and energetically nomadic. She once said ‘All my life I have lived and behaved very much like the sandpiper – just running down the edges of different countries and continents'. Here Bishop confesses of a great desire to travel, discernibly in search of the home she never had. Bishop wrote the poem ‘Questions of Travel' which depicts the time she spent in Brazil. Although it was a place of immense beauty, she often felt separate and outside of it. She asks ‘Should we have stayed at home wherever that may be? ‘ which shows Bishop's great loneliness in searching for belonging. In this poem she also questions the human need to travel to strange foreign places. It foregrounds the issue of whether the tourist's quest stems from an innocent desire to savour landscapes of difference or whether it might have a darker motive, resembling the imperialistic desire to conquer and acquire other lands. She then asks if it is childishness that causes us ‘to rush to see the sun the other way around'. More humorously this poem signifies the limitations of human knowledge and understanding of foreign cultures. After all are we not all guilty of inwardly complaining of the intrusive tourists that plague our country annually? Bishop asks ‘Is it right to be watching strangers in a play in this strangest of theatres? ‘ However Bishop's argument promoting the merits of travel will banish the negative thoughts of even the most xenophobic among us. I feel many will enjoy the theatrical differences conveyed in this poem as Bishop is so wry and honest about the differences between locals and tourists. A striking photographic quality of images is atypical of Bishop's poetry. Her poem ‘The Fish' uses language that is imagistic and precise in describing the confrontation between an amateur fisher and a ‘tremendous' battle-worn fish. The poem is rich in imagery, simile and metaphor and uses layering of images which describes in intricate detail the newly caught fish. Bishop is an empathetic imaginative observer as she describes the fish inside and out down to ‘The dramatic reds and blacks of his shiny entrails, and the pink swim bladder like a big peony'. The final line ‘until everything was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow! And I let the fish go' describes a moment of epiphany and revelation common to Bishop's poetry. Bishop pronounces a merciful verdict on the life of the venerable old fish which contrasts strongly with man's attempt to conquer nature. This moral poem is one to think about the next time you go fishing. My favourite poem by Elizabeth Bishop is ‘First Death in Nova Scotia'. The full complexity of childhood is effectively evoked in this simple poem about the death of her cousin. This is a poem we can all relate to as it captures a child's first experience of death. Although written in her fifties, Bishop manages to capture the confusion she felt as she attempted to understand the finality of death. This poem has quite a chilling quality which echoes the wrong sequence death has taken in extinguishing the life of a child. The final stanza, although chilling, is one of my favourite pieces of poetry. The vulnerability and fear created as the child doubts the presence of an afterlife is true of my experience of death and I'm sure other's. The child Bishop asks ‘But how could Arthur go; clutching his tiny lily with his eyes shut up so tight and the roads deep in snow? ‘ This final line filled with poignancy is a perfect example of Bishop's simple but effective style. Oscar Wilde is quoted as saying ‘One should rejoice in the beauty, the joy and the wonder of life; the less said about life's sores the better'. However, Bishop manages to do both successfully in her striking and distinctive poetry that will give much pleasure for years to come. Her poetry covers topics from death to family and from travel to morality. Her keen eye for detail, her accurate observations and her simple, concise description of the world around us makes Elizabeth Bishop's poetry an animated read. Her poetry boasts genuine feeling which originates from her own harsh experiences in life and often expresses a greater understanding of life and death. Her pleasing style makes her poetry a firm favourite among many amateur writers and poetry lovers. I hope I have instilled in you today the joys of reading the poetry of one of the most influential females of the last century. I will now leave you with a final quote from Elizabeth Bishop's poem called ‘Poem'. This poem maps the reader's experience of reading poetry, from indifference to recognition of a common humanity. ‘Life and the memory of it cramped, dim, on a piece of Bristol board, dim, but how alive, how touching in detail–the little that we get for free, the little of our earthly trust'

Personal Statement Of C Company - 923 Words

b. In a Statement, dated 8 June 2011, Mr. HEL, former commanding officer of C Company, stated he fully supports 1LT JRB s letter, dated 8 April 2011, seeking military awards for the remaining 13 Soldiers (including himself) of his original 35 man platoon who were left under his command after 8 months of combat service in Vietnam. As the commanding officer of C Company, during 1967, 1LT JRB served under his command as platoon leader. Their unit fought in some of the worst terrain imaginable and they were involved in some of the heaviest fighting that ever occurred in the Mekong Delta. Their mission primarily consisted of searching rice paddies, swamps and jungles south of Saigon with the express purpose of eliminating the Viet Cong and allowing the Delta s agriculture commerce to thrive once again. By all accounts, that mission was ultimately accomplished. 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